: This rule requires that the words of a statute be given their ordinary and literal meaning, unless the context indicates otherwise. The literal rule is applied when the language of the statute is clear and unambiguous.
Justice G.P. Singh’s treatise details several linguistic maxims that help resolve contextual ambiguities:
The book is systematically organised to lead the reader from foundational concepts to advanced interpretative techniques. The 14th and 15th editions follow a clear structure: principles of statutory interpretation gp singh high quality
Dictionaries help find the ordinary or technical meaning of words at the time the statute was passed.
Useful for understanding the focus of specific sections, though they cannot override clear statutory language. : This rule requires that the words of
Statutes affecting substantive rights are presumed to operate prospectively unless the legislature explicitly states otherwise. Procedural laws, however, are generally retroactive.
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These must be interpreted strictly. If a taxpayer fits within the literal text, they are taxed; if not, they are not. There is no room for equity.
What remedy did the Legislature resolve to cure the disease? The true reason for the remedy.
Used to except something from the main enactment or to qualify its scope. It must be construed in relation to the main section.
This rule acts as a modification of the literal rule. If a literal interpretation leads to absurdity, injustice, or contradiction, the court may modify the language to avoid that absurdity, but no further. D. Purposive Interpretation